Te mārama ki te Hydrogen Chloride (HCl): Ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga

Ko te haurua haurua, e tohua ana e te whāingoa HCl, he kiriata kāore he tae kua whakaritea ki tana rewharewha, hāpaitanga. Ko te irirangi o te haurua haurua e whai ana i te kotahi te atoma kiriuna me te kotahi te atoma haurua. Ina tāwheratia ki te wai, ka hangaia te tāhuna haurua, e mōhiotia ana hoki ko te haurua haurua. Ko te nuinga, ko te haurua haurua he tino whakakaha ki te wai, e āhua 500 ngā kōpaki o te kiriata e tāwheratia ana ki te kotahi te kōpaki wai i te 0°C.

Ngā Āhuatanga Hinu me te Āhuatanga Matū o te Haurua Haurua

Ko te hōhirihi kirihi hei kātata, he kore-kaihau. Ahakoa kāore i te pānga ki te wai i ngā whirrawiringa tūmatanui, e whakaatu ana i te nui ake o te whitawhita ki ngā taiao wai, kei reira hoki ko te mātātā o te hōhirihi kirihi i te raki. Tāngia atu ki tana whitawhita kaha ki te wai, ko te hōhirihi kirihi hoki e whitawhita ana ki ētahi atu waiariki takotoro pērā i te etanōli me te ēteri, e whakaae ana i tana whakamahinga ki ngā tāone matū maha.

Kei te 25°C me te 1 atamōhina o te pēhi, ko te kotahi te rōrahi o te wai e whitawhita ai te 503 rōrahi o te hau hydrogen chloride , e whakaatu ana i tana whitawhita nui. Ki tana tūmata, he iti noa te pāngai o te hōhirihi kirihi; heoi anō, he āhua āwhina ai i te kaihau ina pāpaku ana ki ngā metara rākai me ngā metara rākai whenua. Hei tauira, ko te natriki e kaihau ana i te hōhirihi kirihi, e hanga ana i te ahi kōwhai pōuri.

Te Whakawhaninga o te Hōhirihi Kirihi

Ko te whakaputanga wai o te hirama kirihi, e mōhiotia whānui ana hei te kirihi hirama, he whānui te whakamahinga ki ngā tāone rereke. Ko te kirihi hirama hokohoko e kōwhai paku ana i te tirohanga nā te kōwai o te paraihe (III) kirihi. Hei te nuinga o ngā mahi penei i te horoi i ngā metara, te whakahaere i te pH, me te whakaputa i ngā kimi rereke.

Kia whakamātau i te kaihe o te kirihi hirama, ko te whakaputanga amōnia te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana ki ngā wāhi tohunga. Ko te rāwekenga ake a amōnia me te hirama kirihi e hāngai ai i ngā pātītī pāpāuri o te kirihi amōnia, e whakapumautia ai te kaihe o te kirihi.

Ngā āhuatanga Irirangi

E āwhina ana te hirama kirihi i tētahi kaha ake o te dipole, e hāngai ai ki te hanga i ngā hononga hirama ki ētahi atu molekī para. E noho ana tēnei āhuatanga hei tāngata matua ki ana rāwekenga me ana whakamahinga ki ngā umanga maha.

Whakamutunga

Hei whakarāpopoto, ko te hōtātā hōu (HCl) tētahi matū whakamīia e āhua maha ngā whakamahinga mai i ana āhuatanga, pērā i te pāngia nui ki te wai me tana āhe kaha ki te whakaputanga i te tātā hōtātā. Ko te whai mōhio e pā ana ki ana āhuatanga me ngā rāwekenga e āwhina ai i te māramatanga me te whakamahi pai ake i ngā tūāpaparanga anga rangahau rerekē. Kia tōkeke ake tātou ki te ao matū, ī tinihia ki ngā kapa pērā i te hōtātā hōu, kitea hoki e tātou ngā kapa hau rite ki te sufuruhexafluoride (SF6), e whānui ake ai tātou mōhio ki te ao matū.

Mā te whai mōhio tonu ki ēnei kapa me ō rātou āhuatanga, ka taea e ngā kaimahi ki ngā tāone rerekē te whakamahi i te hōtātā hōu me ētahi atu matū e whai whakamahinga ana hei ara hou me te kaha.